dravidian-etymology-of-tindora-in-hindi-and-english


தொண்டை - கோவைச் செடியின் பெயர் ஹிந்தி/ஆங்கிலத்தில் திண்டோல/திண்டோர என மாறுதல்
Dravidian etymmolgy for Tindora (Coccinia grandis (L.) J. Voigt)
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Tindora has other names in English such as Ivy gourd, Scarlet gourd, Scarlet-fruited gourd, Kowai fruit.  Hindi names include Kanduri, Kanturi, Kundree, Kundru. ORIYA : Kunduri.
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Coccinia_grandis
http://www.flowersofindia.net/catalog/slides/Ivy%20Gourd.html

Dravidian Etymological Dictionary:
3499 Ta. toṇṭai a common creeper of the hedges (= kōvai Bryonia epigaea). Ma. toṇṭi B. grandis. Ka. toṇḍe, toṇḍi, doṇḍe, koṇḍe the gourd Momordica monadelpha Roxb. or B. grandis Lin. Te. doṇḍa Coccinia indica, (B.) Bryonia, M. monadelpha, etc. Pa. ṭunḍa creeper. Go. (D. Mu. Ko.) ṭonḍa id. (Voc. 1529); (SR.) ṭonḍri tondla vegetable (Voc. 1531); (Tr.) ṭōnḍōrī Coccinia indica (Voc. 1538). Konḍa ḍoṇḍa C. indica. Kui ḍōnḍi pumpkin. / Cf. Skt. tuṇḍikā-, tuṇḍikerī-, tuṇḍikeśī- M. monadelpha; Mar. tōḍlī id.; Turner, CDIAL, no. 5854. Also Skt. tuṇḍī- a kind of gourd. [Cephalandra indica Naud. = M. monadelpha Roxb. = B. grandis Lin. = Coccinia indica W. & A.] DED(S) 2880.

https://www.thehindu.com/features/metroplus/Food/the-small-wonder/article4959639.ece
"Kovakkai, as it is known as in Tamil, is also known by different names — ivy gourd, tendli in Marathi, dondakaaya in Telugu and tindora in Hindi. It is a perennial herbaceous vine. Ivy gourd is a tropical plant belonging to the pumpkin family and is an aggressive climber that can spread quickly over trees, shrubs, fences and other supports. India and Pakistan have massive plantations of this vegetable, apart from Thailand, Malaysia and Indonesia."

Obviously, the Dravidian name, toṇḍai and toṇḍal (with -al suffix) is the root source of all the names of Coccinia grandis plant in all the languages of India. Similar to toNDal, kOvai also comes with -al suffix:
kOval = kOvai (C. grandis) in Malayalam
Kerala District Gazetteers: Trivandrum (supplement)
Superintendent of Government Presses, 1962
Page 28



Place names like Koval (Tiru- kOvalUr)  is related with Koval or Kovai plant. Also, tiNDal in Erode may be related with tiNdola plant. Both Kovai/Koval and toNDai (> tiNDola/tiNDora) are Coccinia indica/grandis plant names.

In Hindi, this is known tindola (< toṇḍal) or tindora. It is also very popular in the Indian state of West Bengal, known as kunduri in Bengali with popular Bengali cuisine like kunduri posto. Other names include: tondale (तोंडले) [Plural: tondali (तोंडली)] in Marathi, kundaru (कुंदरू) in Hindi, and tendli in Konkani.

toṇḍai/toṇḍal, classical Dravidian names of the C. indica plant take various forms all across India. This suggests these names were widespread even in Indus valley civilizational era. For example, in Konkani, it is tendli, while in Hindi it is tindola or tindora.

Hindi, Bengali names like Kunduri is from the echo word formation of toNDali. toNDe-koNDe, toNDali/koNDali > kuNDuri etc.,

The alternate form for word-initial to- into ti- in toNDai/toNDal (Dravidian) > tendli/tindola etc., seems to have a parallel. toRappu/tuRappu > teRappu/tiRappu "opening" in Dravidian langauges itself.
DED 3259 Ta. tiṟa (-pp-, -nt-) to open (as a door, one's eyes), divulge, disclose, unveil, reveal, unlock, unbolt, cut open; tiṟappu open, unfortified place; key, cleft, opening; tiṟavu opening, unveiling; gateway, open space; tuṟappu a key. Ma. tuṟakka to open; tuṟakku opening of the mouth; tuṟappu opening; tuṟavu opening, entrance. Ko. terv- (terd-) to open (door, etc.), release (buffaloes) from enclosure or shed. To. teṟ- (teṟQ-) to open (container, door, pen, etc.); teṟ ïr buffalo let out to graze early in the morning before milking; tïṟ a·ṟ (obl. a·ṯ-) open space between front wall and entrance of house; tïrp key (? < coll. Ta. with r, or contamination with tïrp- to turn key; see s.v. 3246 Ta. tiri). Ka. teṟaan opening, clearing, state of being clear or bright; teṟapu, teṟahu opening, an opening, gap, an interval, cessation, intermission (of sounds, rain), interstice, room, place; teṟavu opening; teṟave opening, becoming manifest, appearing; teṟe to be unclosed, be uncovered, open; make open, open, uncover, unfold; n. opening, state of being open. Koḍ. tora- (torap-, torand-) to open. Tu. terapu space, room; jappuni to open; (Eng.-Tulu Dict.) jattoṇuni id.; (Bhatta<-> charya; brahmin dial.) depp- id. Te. teṟa open; teṟacu to open, set open, uncover, expose, exhibit, display, unfasten, unlock; teṟapa open, exposed; teṟapi intermission, cessation, pause, break. Go. (Tr.) tarītānā (doors) to be open; (Ph.) tarritānā to open; (Mu.) tarī- to open (eyes, mouth, door, etc.); caus. tarih-/tarh-; (Ma.) tar̥i-, ter̥-, (Ko.) terr- to open (Voc. 1667); (SR.) rehānā id. (Voc. 3053); (LuS.) tugaituna id. Konḍa ṟē̆-, (Gūṛi dial., comm. by K.) teṟe- id. Pe.jē- (-t-) id. Manḍ. jē- (-t-) id. Kui dāpa (dāt-) to open a door, clear a passage; n. act of opening; dari inba to be opened, spread forth; tr. dari ispa. Kuwi (Su.) de'- (det-), (S.) de'nai to open. Kur. tisⁱgnā (tisg̣as) to open (door, shutter); refl. and pass. tisgrnā. Malt. tisge to lift the latch. DED(S, N) 2667, and from DED 4246.

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